In focus/out of focus03/2025 Book Design This project explores how the choice of focus between “in focus” and “out of focus” frames in live photos shapes our perception and examines the differences between human and AI focus selection. In the book, each photograph is accompanied by my personal story and the focus I intended to capture. I then sent the same image to an AI, allowing it to determine the focus based on its algorithms. While emotions, memories, and experiences guide human focus, AI relies on computational logic and data patterns to select what it deems important. This contrast not only influences how we perceive the world but also reveals how data systems define significance. This book invites readers to reflect on how focus determines our reality and whether the blurred, unfocused parts might be just as valuable.
  The book is designed with different paper materials to create an “in focus” and “out of focus” reading experience.
The left side of the book is the focus I chose for this photo, the focus AI thought, and the right side is to feel the content concept of the project through the contrast between clear and fuzzy images.






In sun/out sun11/2024 Book Design In sun/out sun is a visual experiment book centered around the real sun (in sun) and the virtual sun (out sun). This project stems from my observation and collection of light. In my daily life, I took 39 images of the sun and artificial light sources and found that when they were enlarged and framed in a circular area, the viewer often couldn’t tell which was the real sun and which was the light, screen light, or reflected light. Through this project, I plan to explore how we can redefine the boundaries of light between (immersion, cognition, acceptance) and out (escape, reconstruction, re-creation). When the real and virtual interlace, when the level of information flows in the material medium, the meaning of design is also constantly extended between in/out.
The book uses a unique circular folding structure, symbolizing the sun’s circulation, while transparent paper and ordinary white paper are selected to enhance the level and flow of light.
When the sun shines through the transparent paper, the light shuttles between the pages, forming a sun-like visual experience, blurring the boundary between the real light source and the visual perception.






In question/out answer10/2024 Book Design In question/out answer is a questioning experiment about design and life. I chose to print 50 questions on 50 pieces of paper. Questions always appear randomly in life, and we cannot predict when we will think about a question. It’s like pulling out a tissue, uncontrollable but inevitable. At the same time, a different font is used for each question to present the uniqueness of the question with visual diversity. The project allows users to encounter a new thinking point every time they pull out, as if by chance, in their daily lives. “In” represents the generation of problems and the immersion of thinking, and “out” symbolizes that problems are raised and expressed and finally prompt action or interpretation. When the problem exists in physical form, it is no longer just abstract thinking but a visible, touchable, and experiential design language, which guides the viewer to constantly discover, question, and think in daily life.
The design is intended to simulate the randomness of the problem, so that each time the user pulls out, it is like encountering a new thought point by chance in everyday life.







In data/outpattern10/2024 Book DesignIn data/out pattern is a book designed based on the collection of daily consumption data. Centering on my personal consumption behavior, it tries to discover the visual language of data in the accumulation and reorganization of information. The book is divided into five parts, which show how consumption traces flow between (recording, storage, accumulation) and out (interpretation, visualization, reorganization) through data induction, classification, and reconstruction. It represents the original collection of data, which is an intuitive mapping of consumer behavior, while out is the reorganization of data, making it go beyond mere numerical value and become a visual narrative. In this project, I hope to explore how data is transformed from daily trivial recording into visual expression with rhythm and logic, how information is deconstructed and reshaped between in/out, and finally, a new way of understanding and cognition is formed.
In the design, I used the size of the page contrast, folding page expansion, and other ways to make the reading rhythm more hierarchical.






In season/out of time10/2024 Book Design In season/out of time is a set of calendar designs divided into four books, corresponding to spring, summer, autumn, and winter. All the images are derived from my daily recording of the seasons, capturing color, light, and emotion in the flow of time. In each month’s page, the sun’s sunrise and sunset times are specially designed to present the rhythm of natural time in the form of data. These are not only four calendars, but also a design experiment in time, nature, and personal memory. It collects daily time marks in its way of it, and reorganizes these scattered records into palpable design objects in the way of out, allowing time to flow between pages and continue in perception.
In design, I used different textures of paper to show the temperature changes brought by the four seasons in (immersion, perception, recording), while out (reorganization, expression, experience) visually and perceptually expresses the passage of time through the tactile sensation of the material.







In/out as a method. As a designer, in and out represent two modes of thinking: It is immersion, observation, and absorption, while out is withdrawal, reorganization, and re-creation. Design is not a linear progression but a constant shift between in and out. When we collect materials and look for inspiration, we are in a state of being, going deep into the system and perceiving life. However, it is far from enough to stay in the state of In. The key to design lies in transformation, using design tools and means to transform and express.